Read this: The Reith Lectures, and more on the Archers and Short Cuts

BBC sounds music Radio podcasts this year the only will reflectors are on the subject of violence the latest talk was presented in a prison, so we thought we'd ask two people with experience of prison life to discuss their thoughts on it for our box box we flooded with your comments on last week's program, so will revisit Umbridge and the acting of shortcuts and BBC veteran Sean Rafferty leaves Radio 3 in tune on airport e402s going to see you go in this year's reflect Dr Gwen Adshead discuss violence she dresses for questions that she's faced during nearly 40 years as a forensic psychiatrist working with violent perpetrators.

Insecure psychiatric units and prisons the third talk which was broadcast earlier this week took place in HMP Grendon a men's prison in Buckinghamshire you can only see if you accept responsibility for your crime and undertake intense therapy the audience consisted of a group of prisoners many of whom had committed serious violent crime did the first time one of the Reef lectures has been recorded inside a prison and let me tell you right now the meeting Hall within the prison walls hello feedback.

This is Jan signs from Hampshire I just wanted to call to say what I thought of the Reith lectures particularly episode 3 this morning.

I can't imagine another broadcast would have addressed such a difficult subject in the same way.

It was informative human without being Sensation list.

Thank you very much in this lecture.

I want to explore the question of whether trauma leads to violence my name is Sarah and I live in Cornwall and wanted to write about my feelings following the Radio 4 Reith Lecture that was broadcast Tuesday 10th December I felt very moved by the depth of understanding shown to the men in prison to HMP Grendon which played a very special and important place in our prison service true.

They haven't done today committed some terrible crimes from which there is no return from most of their victims of violence as well, but the scientific understanding that we now have about trauma and PTSD from the study of such subjects is contributing not only to these man but also the study in general of PTSD thank you so much for this year's choice of subject Jane Kennedy the Reith lectures this year superb and take us into very difficult and

Challenging riveting I hope government decision-makers of him.

I used to be one listen to the hall and allow it to influence policy.

Well done for producing such good.

Thoughtful programs well as you've heard that latest lecture the third in the series particularly captured your attention.

We invited to listeners with an interest in the subject into a box box to discuss what they thought of the programme Paula Harriott is the chief executive of the charity unlock and she co-hosts the award-winning podcast The Secret Life of prisons mark is the CEO of fair Justice and managing director of a community interest company in powering experts by experience he came to the public attention as one of the three heroes man on London Bridge who was wearing a fake suicide vest and stab to students to death at fishmongers Hall both market and Paula have lived experience of imprisonment they know each other.

The work there is security of course to get into a place like this.

We had to give in our phones and our smart watches when we came in we were escorted everywhere.

We went interesting it was that it was the actually recorded in a prism and that we heard prisoners voices directly I think that's so unusual and I thought the pen off the lecture thought-provoking.

What does is it enables people to have a voice when they don't live in an environment where they don't normally where's the nearest critical kind of conversations a little bit and when are you going OK may broken man we know and we understand the theories of trauma in older than where that can lead people to but what's the next step?

Left me with a lot more questions and answers to be fair to commence the lecture by really going straight to the Dilemma which is he's talking about an excuse for the crime that means many things in everyday speech, but my definition of trauma.

Is it it's the kind of suffering that this is your defences and gets under your psychological skin.

Are you just dealing with what it she called it something in particular that she Mark was it that she didn't she didn't sidestep that I'm glad that she went straight to it and she tried to like talk through whether or not that had any meaning Vinci because I think people people might look at people on Christmas day.

Will I don't like you still accountable for what you've done and you're still.

Portable irrespective of the trauma that you've gone through you're still a cancel but I don't think talking about trauma means that people won't accept responsibility and hold themselves accountable and I think that as we went through the can we listen at the end to the people from Grendon themselves, they all talked about how hard it was to face themselves.

How hard it was to hold themselves to account I've been grand and six and a half years.

I came a broken man.

I was traumatised.

I was broke inside but not only was I broke inside I came here to fix myself but also the little boy.

I mean you can't be at Grendon and be tonight in denial of a crime you going to get there and you'll have to deal with the full Force of it and that's and that's hard work and yeah, so you know if you want to call it now.

I spent 5 1/2 years there.

You know then let's put it.

I was someone who had Tim previous custodial sentences in an aged 1415 and then I was dropped into this matter.

How cold it it was this place and it was so unconventional but you're right you you can't go there not admit.

You're crying first least that's the first responsibility responsibility, but then you dig deeper into more of the reasons why you committed crime in the first place.

You know that kind of thing you know is it is it an exclusive you know if I say this happen to me.

This is what caused me to do this.

I don't think it is I think it's actually contributing factors and sometimes when we use the word excuse it makes it sound like people trying to get out of something other than that.

I think it has condensation of labelled, but there is considerable debate about what the nature of the

Is between childhood adversity and adult problems how could repeated and persistent experiences of Fear pain rage and Tara so many problems in adulthood the kind of problems that one study memorably describes as downstream record I think on the programme.

They talk about being only prison for therapeutic prison, but there were these sort of stuff going to other types of therapeutic communities in prisons.

I thought about is the grand and for women I mean women generally and non-violent women in prison are have generally come there with for non-violent crimes.

They have high degrees of trauma.

Could there be a connection with the experience of abuse and toxic gender role Expectations for both men and women?

What is it that happens to boys when they are traumatised that makes them more likely to develop internal toxic narrative of both masculinity and femininity uniquely vulnerable or women especially strong, so I think that when we think about women then we're not thinking about that trauma the violence but we are seeing I I know from from my time in prison at my work in prison and I work at unlock that women.

Don't you respond to that way so that either?

drug used to numb the pain self-harm turning that violence on themselves

Yes more than signing for the women in prison and I think I think that's something that I came away going ok.

We talked about men here but we're not talked about whether this relates to how this relates to women and then the other thing like I'm away which is really struck me was show me you.

Can you have to transform it all those eyes you text you my transmitted and the question.

Is is how some people are able to transform that pain into something creative and we were there lots of ideas about that sometimes people are lucky enough to find one person to attach to sometimes people lucky enough to find a group of people to attach to her.

I saw some people who were in children's homes in in Ireland where there was a lot of abuse and neglect by the staff in those homes.

Some of those children survive well into Adulthood because they they formed a little group together just support each other even though they were only kids and I think that stock so deeply because I would absolutely say that my mantra.

Is that you need to turn pain to purpose and it's the only way to survive these places that you have to dig deep into understanding yourself and then use that in a really positive way that exposure to trauma.

You know in adult life let downstream wreckage things you spoke about and we forgetting that you know a lot of women in prison as normally a man controlled in behind and if we if we think the guilt and PTSD of being imprisoned.

I think that we feel so guilty of being in prison at 38-minute welcome that PHP tester and traumatised is asked in a

That's tenfold for women who have children for example or did part of saying is if you didn't have went to prison you would end up to my eyes by the prison experience in some ways when you most definitely does it depend on what kind of abuse true or you will subject to and can also lead to positive things that you do in life some question.

Thank you very much indeed and the simple answer is yes, very individual journey is not a one-size-fits-all.

That's why some people don't like it can be very really late home sizing because you have to talk food at all that you experienced as a child on a daily basis at times.

You can't change if you don't stay so the guys who come and drop out.

I'm missing out on something that you can understand why the why why they don't do this as well.

educated me about the

Different ways in which we can have adverse childhood experiences and how they might express themselves in adult life think things like neglect three ways.

I think you think about child abuse being people being violent towards a child but this should be this idea of being disconnected from and disconnected from emotional security through like this neglect neglect nobody talks to you neglect.

You know this sort of sadness that can emerge you know how that can also affect people babies have to grow a relational mind work out who they are as a person and who others are and especially who they can just to get close to when they feel scared so I think I think that was that was useful for understanding the different ways.

Ultimately the different ways in which lack of emotional security lack of love lack of kindness lack of compassion in your childhood has an impact on you yeah in this country.

We don't throw away the key you know and the majority of people get back out of prison and a lot of work.

I do I do a lot of work with victims also but a lot of them saying we're not angry at the prison sentence with don't care.

How long people doing just as long as when I get out.

I can't hurt no one else but what I would say to the people listening new saying far away the key and what about the victims the best way to upset the public and the best way for the victims that I spoke to that.

They feel like restorative nurse has songs and little beauties been done.

Is it then people in prison are the abilitati? Did they get out and leave good lives and that's what Brendan twice the do.

This is my bubble.

To be here and I can honestly say that it is a privilege to hear that amount of work that goes in the amount of work that people invest in me and give me an answer the change over so many times out there.

I wanted someone to give me that chance but I had to get that chance by coming to prison and that's wrong.

I think it's amazing that they did it a grandad and his amazing that we have prisoners speaking to Dr Gwen and to the listeners.

I think that hopefully you know these types educate people about the complexity of how we talk about Justice I will talk about violence and our sort of societal response to it huge.

Thank you for everybody who made it possible to come here and record this lecture at Grendon prison.

We are very grateful and of course to our reflect your doctor.

Advert with my thanks to Mark Conway and Paula Harriott there sales on one of the latest reflectors and we've had plenty of comments from you this week particularly about the Archers involvement in BBC's camsafe week, which I talked about in the programme to The Orchards devoted the whole week to an unfolding holiday let fraud.

Where are number strangers turned up to stay at The Homes of ambridge characters after an online scam we received a lively snow comments about how the story was lame and unbelievable and a taken over the Arches at the expense of ongoing storylines and we feature those comments in last week's pro-bono many of you have been jumping to the Archers defence.

I feel I have to right to redress the balance because I think the people who complain always more likely to be vocal than those who are happy.

Well, observed gilmorton, I have loved the recent Archers storylines.

I think the Justin / Scrooge episodes for clever and witty and a bit different challenging listeners.

I will eventually lead to the Christmas story and the kindness of strangers.

I know I am not the only person who feels this way.

We just quietly listening.

Enjoy the Archers I would like to thank the producer and the scriptwriter.

I'm Barbara Jane and I live in Norfolk I'm 70 and I have honestly listen to So faithfully that there was a time.

I felt I lived shula Archer life.

Love to the scams and how they were handled in the real world you really do get several of these in the same location and then any case the story which aspect of fiction do some of your respondents not get years ago the program carefully mentioned which ministry of Agriculture form was due back.

Weak, the real world does always intruder dat the edges thanks for the Archers and long may they Farm or John who called from Brittany thought the scan weeks was a breath of fresh air on a lifelong fan of The Archers I had been getting worn down by the ongoing George storyline the awful things that happened to Alice George's conviction and ulceration and the bullying going on the jail so I was refreshed by the events in a during the week the Archers for me always been a contrast with the east end type of soap moving instead to a gentle reality one with them using storylines understand visitors turned up it felt they return to the good old days typified by Randy Travis much better to the village accidentally spraying Dungarvan Linda's garden and laundry it just the lovely one which exists and a small community.

My surprised at how many people have reacted negatively to the storyline in last week's feedback to share some stories of his own life that might even give the Archers writers inspiration future storylines from my own experience a few years ago.

I was scammed suppose job offer and a village in Galicia local people took me in and gave me free accommodation for several months later.

I did something similar free young refugee from Syria in my experience behaviour of the people on average during the scan week is far from fantasy.

It is exactly decent people in small Communities really do react when the chips are down from Northwich in Cheshire I just couldn't understand why people didn't get the Christmas story of The Archers I don't have anywhere to go so they had a barn.

They will give him warm food and it was such a lovely storyline and I just didn't think of the scan one at all.

Doris what happened to Carol and Andy the Archers writers, I miss that completely at the time not only did controversy over the Archers prompt you to contact us.

We got a lot of comments on the proposed acting of shortcuts which is presented by Josie Long my name Carol Kerry I'm calling from birth to your analysis of why you're withdrawing person who works from home and regular listen to Radio 4 have thoroughly enjoyed the short contents that this program provides and I decide to hear that the people you want to save it.

I'll literally in the industry.

I feel passionate about giving young audio artist H on my name is Margaret lounge and I'm calling from askrigg Yorkshire Dales I appreciate that the end of shortcuts has been covered at some length however the discussion in last week's program focused almost exclusively on the production side.

With some reference to the rare and unusual content I was amazed that nobody comment on how sad it is that we won't be listening to Josie Long As presentation of the programme any more personal touch on the human walk she brings to each episode has been an exceptional presenter and I'm going to miss her enormously.

How do we warn the future? How do we pass on information to a sentence when we can't be sure what language is knowledge or technology? They have hello my name is Robert Lacey from Herefordshire may I add my voice to the number who was surprised saddened to hear about the axon of shortcuts.

I was just made by the attempted explanation from the BBC representative who seems to imply that it was a some could be covered by other documentary style programs not so is there in very beautiful 30-minutes such as illuminated and by appealing to people starting out in audio.

Denise journal types not so either as an engineer physicist sports enthusiast I can happily say that it is a remarkably engaging and informative production or thank you for the comments.

We also received a variety of views on the naked week and a 630 comedy slot in general, but having those for next week's program when I will have Julia McKenzie the commissioner of comedy and entertainment on Radio 4 and John Holmes is produced many comedies for Radio 4 including the naked week.

So if you do have any thoughts or questions.

You'd like me to ask them.

Please do get in touch a very easy way to do that is to send a WhatsApp voice note on xero 334544 you can also ring that number and leave a voicemail and you can send us an email to feedback at bbc.co.uk and it's at BBC R4 feedback on social media this week.

His last Radio 3 in tune after 28 years at the helm where he himself to listeners with his Joel one-liners and of course his deep knowledge of classical music as well as the joy he took in introducing new artists.

He'd been with the BBC from many years before Radio 3 on BBC Northern Ireland I watched him through as he presented us with our Evening News during much of the Troubles me later discussed iMusic have been his lifeline when bombs were going off around the corner his last year was very much celebration of everything he brought to the program over the Decades good evening well, the time has come the walrus said in this case to say goodbye on my last one, but also Hello to the studio full stop telling Ireland Leamington Spa thanks to Sean Rafferty for the music erudition kindness and for championing artists at the start of their career.

Wishing him all the very best to hear from North Yorkshire one has been part of the Fabric of my life for decades always there after a difficult day at work.

Just to give me that boost to drive home.

Is you give me the incentive to start chopping vegetables for supper sending me what time it is about 60 minutes 6.

I think roughly a dame Sarah Connolly is in the room prospect good evening lovely.

Have you with it Kingsmeadow for music last year, but yes ok then hurry up.

He's insightful companionable and alongside not just every listener, but every musician who comes on to the programme the way this is unmatched by any other presenter was nearly lost her college and you nearly ruined your voice in my room.

Get some to talk about how they feel about their music-making and this creates a magic circle between the musician the music and the listening thing all the time Christmas it's not difficult in German help you so skilful at reaching out to the person.

He's interviewing as always laughter and Eve appreciation and encouragement how musicians he sent away with a real boost having shared what they bought and so much of themselves especially young musicians, what's your favourite composer the minute? I'm just me and my dad coming in and having a chat with us all after work.

I just can't imagine how.

Listening I will be without him.

Such a big hole.

Thank you.

All bless you always coming to the end and it's been a blast quarter of a century and more thank you all for making such families music for us.

Thank you for all those gorgeous people who are listening to listening out there.

I shall miss you as from this all this one for musicians and it's a mixtape.

Goodnight Unforgettable Sean Rafferty saying a final goodbye in tune last Friday and you can hear the whole program of course on BBC signs will Petroc Trelawny will be taking up the reins of in tune in the spring next week.

Must be back before Christmas so I wonder what gets you into the festive mood for me and I expect many of you it's the nine lessons and carols from King's broadcast each year on Radio 4 so next week.

We are going to have a special look behind the scenes which is something for us all to look forward too.

I'm sure no remember you can listen to All feedback episodes any time on BBC so please do hit subscribe and each weekly program will appear in your podcast feed but that's all for this week.

Thank you so much for listening and for giving us your feedback the Reith lectures 2024 posted by me Anita Anand the series is about the complexity of human violence or violence is not the same violence perpetrators and not the same four questions about violence explored by the forensic psychiatrist Dr Gwen Adshead by listening to perpetrators.

We can learn more about the Genesis of violence and perhaps particularly where we might be able to intervene to reduce the risk of violence happening in the future the Reith lectures BBC Radio 4 listen on BBC sounds.